Translations of the assigned Sententiae Antiquae:
1. In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
2. In his triumphal procession Cicero displayed this placard (poster): "I came, I saw, I conquered."
4. A young person wishes to live for a long time; an old man has lived for a long time.
7. Sophocles made (composed) tragedies at the height of old age / in extreme old age.
8. Those men poured forth not only money but also life for their homeland.
9. Kings held/ruled Rome from the beginning; Lucius Brutus gave freedom to the Romans.
We'll go over the Exercitationes in class.
Let's review the differences among the four past tenses. Imperfect and perfect are in bold because they are the most important:
Imperfect
-translate with "was" and a participle: bellum gerebat, "he was waging war"
-describes continued or repeated action
Perfect
-translate usually as a simple past tense, sometimes with "has" or "had": bellum gerit, "he waged war" or "he has waged war" Usually it doesn't matter what translation you use, occasionally it does.
-describes completed, single occasion actions
Pluperfect
-translated with "had"
-describes action that happened before another action in the past: bellum gererat, "he had waged war (before doing something else)"
Future Perfect
-translated with "will have"
-describes action that will be completed before something else happens: bellum gererit, "he will have waged war (by the time he conquers that city)."
Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
Highlights Tues. 11/29
Please note: the chapter 12 quiz is now on Monday to allow us to spend more time with that chapter. (See the post below this one for details.)
I have attached to this post a copy of my "how to predict 3rd declension stems" handout. Remember that the third declension acts completely differently than the first and second: the stem for the word's forms comes from the genitive singular, the second form (ex. libertas, libertatis). By studying the chart at the bottom of the handout, you can learn to predict what the stem of a third declension noun will be.
Chapter 12 introduces us to what's called "the perfect system" -- three verb tenses that use the third principal part as their stem. (e.g. amo, amare amavi, amatum or facio, facere, feci, factum). Today we got as far as discussing how to translate them:
Perfect: "I did" (as opposed to "I was doing," which is the imperfect)
Pluperfect: "I had done"
Future perfect: "I will have done"
3rd Declension Hand Out
I have attached to this post a copy of my "how to predict 3rd declension stems" handout. Remember that the third declension acts completely differently than the first and second: the stem for the word's forms comes from the genitive singular, the second form (ex. libertas, libertatis). By studying the chart at the bottom of the handout, you can learn to predict what the stem of a third declension noun will be.
Chapter 12 introduces us to what's called "the perfect system" -- three verb tenses that use the third principal part as their stem. (e.g. amo, amare amavi, amatum or facio, facere, feci, factum). Today we got as far as discussing how to translate them:
Perfect: "I did" (as opposed to "I was doing," which is the imperfect)
Pluperfect: "I had done"
Future perfect: "I will have done"
3rd Declension Hand Out
Ch. 12 Quiz moved to Monday
I am moving the Ch. 12 quiz to Monday (rather than Thursday) so that we can take more time with this chapter. Here is the adjusted schedule (I have also adjusted it in the original "Schedule for Weeks 14-16" post):
Monday 11/28 Summarize the chapter 12 grammar in your own words or complete four of the "unit 12" exercises at http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/latin/wheelock/contents.htm.
Tuesday 11/29 Discuss Ch. 12 grammar
Wednesday 11/30 Prepare to translate Sententiae Antiquae 1,2,4, 7-9 and Exercitationes 12,15
Thursday 12/1 Prepare to translate 38 Stories Ch. 12 and bring Scribblers, Sculptors and Scribes; take-home translation for Ch. 11 due
Monday 12/5 No Monday assignment
Tuesday 12/6 Ch 12 quiz; Exam review
Wednesday 12/7 Exam review
Thursday 12/8 Personal study day, optional in-class review
Final Exam: Tuesday Dec. 13th at 5:30
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Highlights Tues. 11/22
Learning the forms of is, ea, id, can most easily be accomplished in 3 steps:
1. Learn the nominatives (is, ea, id), because they're somewhat irregular.
2. Learn the other semi-irregular forms (the genitive and dative singular, which are the same for all genders, and the neuter accusative singular and plural, which are the same as the neuter nominatives)
3. Learn the other forms, which consist of the letter e + the normal adjective endings.
Happy Thanksgiving!
1. Learn the nominatives (is, ea, id), because they're somewhat irregular.
2. Learn the other semi-irregular forms (the genitive and dative singular, which are the same for all genders, and the neuter accusative singular and plural, which are the same as the neuter nominatives)
3. Learn the other forms, which consist of the letter e + the normal adjective endings.
Happy Thanksgiving!
Online Exercises/Summaries for Ch. 11
I forgot to check your summaries or online exercises for Ch. 11. (For those who emailed them, I have those.) If you would like to email me your summary or set of exercises over the break, you are welcome to do so. If not, you can show them to me next Tuesday, with no penalty.
Wednesday, November 16, 2011
Class Cancelled Today
Class is cancelled today.* Please send me your 38 Stories translation so I can give you feedback. Have a great day and enjoy the snow!
*Office hours will still be held today from 3:30-4:30.
*Office hours will still be held today from 3:30-4:30.
Schedule for Weeks 14-16
Monday 11/21 Summarize the chapter 11 grammar in your own words or complete four of the "unit 11" exercises at http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/latin/wheelock/contents.htm.
Tuesday 11/22 Prepare to translate Sententiae Antiquae 1-7 and Exercitationes 14-15
Wednesday 11/23 Class cancelled; translate 38 Stories Ch. 11 Lines 1-7 as a take-home quiz (due next Wednesday)
Thursday 11/24 No class; Thanksgiving
Tuesday 11/22 Prepare to translate Sententiae Antiquae 1-7 and Exercitationes 14-15
Wednesday 11/23 Class cancelled; translate 38 Stories Ch. 11 Lines 1-7 as a take-home quiz (due next Wednesday)
Thursday 11/24 No class; Thanksgiving
Monday 11/28 Summarize the chapter 12 grammar in your own words or complete four of the "unit 12" exercises at http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/latin/wheelock/contents.htm.
Tuesday 11/29 Discuss Ch. 12 grammar
Wednesday 11/30 Prepare to translate Sententiae Antiquae 1,2,4, 7-9 and Exercitationes 12,15
Thursday 12/1 Prepare to translate 38 Stories Ch. 12 and bring Scribblers, Sculptors and Scribes; take-home translation for Ch. 11 due
Monday 12/5 Ch. 12 quiz; No Monday assignment
Tuesday 12/6 Exam review
Wednesday 12/7 Exam review
Thursday 12/8 Personal study day, optional in-class review
Final Exam: Tuesday Dec. 13th at 5:30
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Highlights 11/15
The fourth conjugation is very predictable as far as recognizing it: usually the principal parts end in -io, -ire, -i(v)i, -itum.
The present forms take the stem from the second principal part (audi-) and add the personal endings: -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt. The third plural only has the letter u before the i of the stem: audiunt.
The imperfect is like all the other conjugations except there is -ie- before the -bam, -bas, -bat, etc.
The future is like the third conjugation except there is -i- before the -e-: audiam, audies, audiet, audiemus, audietis, audient.
-- Third cojugation -io verbs behave just like fourth conjugation verbs, but with fewer long marks.
The present forms take the stem from the second principal part (audi-) and add the personal endings: -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt. The third plural only has the letter u before the i of the stem: audiunt.
The imperfect is like all the other conjugations except there is -ie- before the -bam, -bas, -bat, etc.
The future is like the third conjugation except there is -i- before the -e-: audiam, audies, audiet, audiemus, audietis, audient.
-- Third cojugation -io verbs behave just like fourth conjugation verbs, but with fewer long marks.
Saturday, November 12, 2011
Schedule for Week 13
Sorry this didn't get posted yesterday, my internet has been horrible. But it's the usual stuff...
Monday 11/14 Summarize the chapter 10 grammar in your own words or complete four of the "unit 10" exercises at http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/latin/wheelock/contents.htm.
Tuesday 11/15 Prepare to translate Sententiae Antiquae 2-6 and Exercitationes 15-16 (I assigned fewer Sententiae Antiquae since this is slightly behind schedule.)
Wednesday 11/16 Prepare to translate 38 Stories Ch. 10. Translate lines 1-4 of the first paragraph on your own. Bring Scribblers, Sculptors and Scribes to class.
Thursday 11/17 Quiz on Ch. 10; introduction to Ch. 11
Monday 11/14 Summarize the chapter 10 grammar in your own words or complete four of the "unit 10" exercises at http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/latin/wheelock/contents.htm.
Tuesday 11/15 Prepare to translate Sententiae Antiquae 2-6 and Exercitationes 15-16 (I assigned fewer Sententiae Antiquae since this is slightly behind schedule.)
Wednesday 11/16 Prepare to translate 38 Stories Ch. 10. Translate lines 1-4 of the first paragraph on your own. Bring Scribblers, Sculptors and Scribes to class.
Thursday 11/17 Quiz on Ch. 10; introduction to Ch. 11
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Highlights from Tues. 11/8
Knowing a word's vocabulary entry (nominative, genitive, gender) is important for translating it properly. The vocabulary entry tells you what the word's stem is (genitive - genitive case ending [ae, i or is]). It also tells you what declension the word is. This matters because certain endings (like -um) have different connotations based on what declension the word is.
amicum = friend, accusative singular (amicus, amici, m. is second declension)
corporum = bodies, genitive plural, therefore "of bodies" (corpus, corporis, n. is third declension)
Another important tip we discussed today is to leave out all genitives and prepositional phrases until the rest of the sentence has been translated. It is usually a lot easier to see how the genitives and prepositional phrases fit in once everything else is translated.
amicum = friend, accusative singular (amicus, amici, m. is second declension)
corporum = bodies, genitive plural, therefore "of bodies" (corpus, corporis, n. is third declension)
Another important tip we discussed today is to leave out all genitives and prepositional phrases until the rest of the sentence has been translated. It is usually a lot easier to see how the genitives and prepositional phrases fit in once everything else is translated.
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Suggested review topics for Exam 2
Here are some of the topics we've studied since the first test (things to watch out for in parentheses:
Sum and Possum (Remember that the imperfect of sum uses -a [eram, eras, erat...], and the future of sum uses -i [ero, eris, erit].)
Complementary Infinitive (We have a tendency to confuse infinitives with imperatives. Nothing is an infinitive that does not end in -re [We will learn passive voice infinitives and past tense infinitives later, but for now they all end in -re]).
Third declension nouns (These are the words for which it is most important to learn the vocabulary entry: rex, regis, m.)
Third conjugation (Do not put b's in the future forms of these verbs.)
Demonstratives (hic, ille, iste) and adjectives with -ius genitive forms (These are the words that make it really important to get comfortable with the idea of substantive adjectives, adjectives with 'implied nouns': 'man' for adjectives with masculine endings, 'woman' for feminine, 'thing' for neuter.)
General suggestions:
Review vocabulary, and however you go about it, make sure you mix up the order of the words if possible. This enables your brain to form a stronger connection.
Learn both the meaning of the word and which declension or conjugation it is in.
Sum and Possum (Remember that the imperfect of sum uses -a [eram, eras, erat...], and the future of sum uses -i [ero, eris, erit].)
Complementary Infinitive (We have a tendency to confuse infinitives with imperatives. Nothing is an infinitive that does not end in -re [We will learn passive voice infinitives and past tense infinitives later, but for now they all end in -re]).
Third declension nouns (These are the words for which it is most important to learn the vocabulary entry: rex, regis, m.)
Third conjugation (Do not put b's in the future forms of these verbs.)
Demonstratives (hic, ille, iste) and adjectives with -ius genitive forms (These are the words that make it really important to get comfortable with the idea of substantive adjectives, adjectives with 'implied nouns': 'man' for adjectives with masculine endings, 'woman' for feminine, 'thing' for neuter.)
General suggestions:
Review vocabulary, and however you go about it, make sure you mix up the order of the words if possible. This enables your brain to form a stronger connection.
Learn both the meaning of the word and which declension or conjugation it is in.
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
Highlights from 11/2
As we discussed earlier this week, take special care in learning the definitions of the special adjectives in Ch. 9. They are somewhat odd-looking words in themselves (e.g. uter) and many of them look like other adjectives (e.g. alius vs. alter). So spend a little extra time with them. And remember that the main reason they are grouped together is because of their irregular dative and genitive endings: long i for the dative, -ius for the genitive.
Enjoy this song about hic and ille:
Enjoy this song about hic and ille:
Tuesday, November 1, 2011
Highlights from 11/1
On Wednesday I'll look at each group's translations of the Sententiae Antiquae and the worksheet exercises. I'll have the sentence analyses in a powerpoint. The groups that did not finish them can put theirs on the board at the beginning of class. (I also plan to spend time with 38 Stories, never fear!)
Remember that the 3rd declension deals with noun stems differently from the other declensions. You don't take a few letters off the nominative and put the other endings onto that stem, as you do with the first and second declensions. Instead, you use the stem that the genitive form uses (the second form given in the vocabulary entry). Remove the -is genitive ending from that, and there's your stem.
When you are reading, try to stop and think for a moment about the case of each noun and adjective. Although noun cases seem like a simple thing, it is one of the most common things for students to have difficulty with, up to the second year and beyond. One of the reasons for this is that in short sentences (like the ones we have now), it's often possible to figure the sentence out with knowing the case of every word. But making sure that you know it now, while the sentences are still a manageble length, will make Latin much easier later on.
Remember that the 3rd declension deals with noun stems differently from the other declensions. You don't take a few letters off the nominative and put the other endings onto that stem, as you do with the first and second declensions. Instead, you use the stem that the genitive form uses (the second form given in the vocabulary entry). Remove the -is genitive ending from that, and there's your stem.
When you are reading, try to stop and think for a moment about the case of each noun and adjective. Although noun cases seem like a simple thing, it is one of the most common things for students to have difficulty with, up to the second year and beyond. One of the reasons for this is that in short sentences (like the ones we have now), it's often possible to figure the sentence out with knowing the case of every word. But making sure that you know it now, while the sentences are still a manageble length, will make Latin much easier later on.
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