When translating a sentence, figuring out the verb makes translating the rest of the sentence easier: if you know what action is being done, you have a better idea of who the subject might be, whether there will be a direct object, etc.
Punctuation is also very important. Two parts of speech we recently learned about are vocatives and apposition (which is a kind of explanatory note, like "Gaius, my friend"). These parts of speech almost always have commas before and after them. If you notice this, then you can identify these parts of speech correctly and not as the subject or direct object or whatever.
When you are looking at the vocabulary, think about how the same stem can be used in related words (like fili- in daughter and son). Also make sure you understand all the abbreviations that are being used and ask me if there is something you don't understand.
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